Temporary Cold Feet

About a week ago I told my chiropractor about Norah’s upcoming surgery.  He has been treating Norah for the last few weeks because she had some misalignment in her neck.  This misalignment can affect the thyroid and the thyroid can affect the spine, so adding chiropractic care to her arsenal can’t hurt.

He expressed the opinion that Norah shouldn’t rush into surgery because we hadn’t given the complementary treatments enough time to work, and we hadn’t seen a naturopath.  He asked me to talk to the naturopath affiliated with his office, so I called her.  We had a good conversation, and although she said that there were some things she’d like to “try” with Norah, there didn’t seem to be a definitive naturopathic treatment that she could confidently recommend, especially given the time constraints.  She mentioned that there were things she could do after the surgery to help treat the underlying autoimmune disorder so we may see her or another naturopath at some point.

Still, the chiropractor’s comments worried me.  Maybe I hadn’t looked hard enough.  Maybe I had missed something and there was a miracle cure out there that would save Norah’s thyroid.  I looked some more, and although there are naturopaths who have had some results/luck treating Graves Disease in adults, I didn’t find a magic (naturopathic) pill for Norah. 

I spoke to the acupuncturist and he reaffirmed that in his opinion we were doing the right thing for Norah given the circumstances.  He didn’t think that the chiropractor should have said what he did, because parents are always hoping to find a miracle, and the chiropractor made us question the opinions of experts in pediatric thyroid disease.  We’re not giving up on complimentary treatments, but Norah’s hyperthyroidism needs to be resolved NOW.  Her liver function tests showed that she’s doing fine on the PTU so far, but she can not stay on it long-term. 

I am so lucky to have a network of friends who would do anything to help, so after a conversation with a friend who works in the medical field, an email opinion from another naturopath (a friend’s sister-in-law), and a discussion with Norah’s school nurse, I was back on track.  It’s amazing how quickly one opinion started to derail my confidence and make me question our decision, but luckily everyone talked me down from the ledge and I’m feeling much better now.  One more week.   

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The Dream Team

Norah and I went to Yale yesterday to meet with another member of the Dream Team.  Dr. Christopher Breuer is a pediatric surgeon, one of the three surgeons who will be in the O.R. with Norah next Thursday.  Norah and I both liked him a lot.  He was very patient with her (and me), and by the end of the appointment she was sitting on his lap (I wasn’t), putting little pieces of paper with her name on them into his pockets.  

He went through the potential complications associated with the surgery, which Dr. Rivkees had already discussed with us so there were no surprises:

  • Anesthesia – Complications are always possible but the risks are lower than the drive from here to Yale and back.  They use a pediatric anesthesiologist, and I confirmed that he/she will not be reading a magazine like the cutie on Greys Anatomy was when the woman woke up on the operating table. 
  • Bleeding – There are 10 blood vessels that have to be tied off, so there’s a risk of bleeding in the first 12 hours.  Norah will go directly from the OR to the pediatric intensive care unit, where she will have one-on-one nursing to closely monitor her.  If she does develop a leak, she will go back to the OR and the same surgeon will fix the problem.
  • Parathyroid Gland Issues – These glands control the body’s calcium levels.  The parathyroids are right under the thyroid and they can be damaged or become stunned during surgery.  If this happens, Norah will need an IV for a day or two.  There is a very slim chance that the parathyroids could be permanently damaged but there is medical treatment for that if it happens (it won’t).
  • Laryngeal Nerve Damage – If one of these nerves is damaged during the surgery, it would affect Norah’s voice – probably temporarily.  If both nerves are badly damaged, it would be a major problem but I told Dr. Breuer not to mess them up and he said he wouldn’t. 
  • Common Side Effects – Norah will likely experience a sore throat, discomfort when swallowing, and a stiff neck from having it hyperextended during surgery.  She won’t be able to eat until the morning after the surgery, in case she has to go back to the OR.  They expect her to bounce back quickly and go back to school after the holiday weekend.

Norah will have at least 7 people in the OR with her:

  • Dr. Christopher Breuer, pediatric surgeon
  • Dr. Robert Udelsman, endocrine surgeon
  • a surgical resident
  • a scrub technician
  • a pediatric anesthesiologist
  • and a couple of other people I can’t think of right now

Norah’s endocrinologist at Yale is Dr. Scott Rivkees.  By following these links you can read the extremely impressive bios of this team, as well as a list of their projects and publications (here’s a great article about Dr. Udelsman).  Norah will be in very good hands.

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Norah

This blog seems to have temporarily turned into a site about pediatric thyroid problems, and it may stay that way for a couple more weeks.  I’ve been given the opportunity to compile our experiences into a summary to post on a thyroid-related blog with links to the detailed posts on my blog, so I want to make sure I capture anything that would be helpful for another family.  Norah’s condition is rarely diagnosed in kids her age, so there’s not a lot of information out there for parents who are searching for answers.

When people meet Norah or even see her in passing at the grocery store, they often comment on how cute she is, particularly her curly hair.  They note her resemblance to Shirley Temple, at which point I typically responded that she was the devil in disguise, a wild animal, or something to that effect.  She is adorable, smart, funny, feisty, independent, and full of spunk.  Maybe a little heavy on the spunk, but you get what you get and you don’t get upset, right? 

In my defense, Norah was Trouble – with a capital T.  Luckily, most people who spent any time with her kept their thoughts to themselves, but one friend asked if I thought she was “like that” because I’m tired out from the other two kids.  Like I gave up when Norah came along and let her run amuck because I was *done*.  A family member suggested that I should send her to a special school to learn some manners.  I thought it probably WAS my fault that she was “like that,” and eventually I stopped trying to control her every minute because it was pointless.  I started wondering if it was a self-fulfilling prophecy – I called her a hellion so she became one permanently.  In some ways I can’t believe that I never wondered whether something was physically wrong with her, but that’s the nature of pediatric hyperthyroidism symptoms.

The behavior Norah was exhibiting was out of her control.  Before she began taking medication, her thyroid levels were through the roof – basically not measurable because they were off the scale.  In an adult, these levels would cause us to feel “revved up” – jittery, anxious, always hot, hungry and thirsty.  We’d have a racing heart, high blood pressure, heart palpitations, tremors, emotional instability, eye problems, a goiter, nausea, and diarrhea.  We’d have trouble sleeping, menstrual changes, and possibly infertility.  Given these symptoms we’d know something was wrong and be able to describe to our doctor how we were feeling, to help with a diagnosis.  I was briefly hyperthyroid when I stopped breastfeeding and didn’t change my synthroid dose quickly enough (I’m hypothyroid), and I can tell you that it’s a terrible feeling.  My heartbeat was racing and irregular, and it felt like my heart was flip-flopping around in my chest.  I ended up in the E.R. and spent at least a week worrying that my heart might just stop at any moment, before my thyroid hormones leveled out. 

Norah was probably just under 3 1/2 years old when her symptoms began.  I can see the goiter in some photos starting on New Years Eve (12/31/2009), and I remember her teacher expressing concerns about her behavior as early as February and continuing through the school year.  I thought it was “just a phase.” 

For Norah, the high thyroid levels presented as hyperactivity and extreme emotion.  In preschool, she couldn’t sit still in “circle time,” she fought with her friends, and cried when the teacher left the classroom.  Her listening ears and walking feet were nowhere to be found, her eyes were puffy, and her heart was constantly pounding.  She was always hot – never wanted a blanket at night and caused lots of car-fights by always wanting the window open.  Her skin was as smooth as a newborn’s because it was exfoliating at a much higher rate than it should have been.

At home Norah would not sit still to eat, but she was constantly in the refrigerator and pantry.  We had to stop umpteen times on every road trip so she could go to the bathroom.  She drove Aliya and Adlani crazy by purposely (it seemed) causing trouble – taking their toys, sitting on them, just generally misbehaving.  There were constant loud arguments between the three of them, and Ben and I added to the din trying to correct the behavior.  It sometimes took an hour or more to get Norah to bed at night, or even down for a nap.  Friends suggested that Supernanny might be able to help us, or suggested that I might benefit from medication. 

If you haven’t seen Norah lately, she’s a different kid.  One of the doctors at Children’s told us that we’d see a huge difference once her thyroid levels were stabilized, and he was right.  At the Ce-Ment Pond a few weeks ago, all of our friends commented that she had calmed down so much.  Her preschool teacher has sent home a note about her good behavior EVERY DAY.  My RAGE-O-METER is noticeably lower overall, and it’s been a few weeks since I had to take a time-out to avoid bursting an important blood vessel.  She goes to bed much easier, and she doesn’t toss and turn nearly as much during the night.  She spends a lot of time coloring and drawing – and singing (I’m still trying to decide whether constant Justin Bieber is preferable to the past behavior).  Yesterday morning she helped Adlani clean up his room before school, and last night she sat in a laundry basket and watched a whole movie with Aliya and me. 

In hindsight, I can clearly see the signs of hyperthyroidism, but while it was happening I just thought I must be doing something wrong.  Like maybe I hadn’t been a good mom and therefore I ended up with a wild animal for a daughter.  I’ve read that thyroid problems are sometimes diagnosed because a child is being treated by a therapist for behavioral problems.  Maybe we would have gotten there eventually, and maybe the untreated disease would have caused lasting damage to Norah’s eyes, heart, or other organs.  We’re lucky that we caught it, and her thyroidectomy will make her treatment much more manageable.  Her behavior will continue to improve as her thyroid levels will be kept stable with a daily dose of synthroid.  As much as I would prefer to keep her thyroid intact, I have accepted the fact that this is the right treatment for Norah, given the circumstances.

So if you’ve met Norah and thought she was a nut-ball, give the *New Norah* another chance.  She’s *Naughty Norah* no more.  Well, at least not as often.  She IS still a 4-year-old.

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Decision

I’m sorry to keep you waiting for an update…this will be brief because I’ve been learning about wiring diagrams all day and my brain is fried.  [OK…it didn’t turn out to be that brief but you’re probably used to that by now.]

On Sunday we drove the whole family down to Yale-New Haven Children’s Hospital to meet with Dr. Rivkees.  It was kind of surreal being in a deserted section of the hospital and having a security guard come up to unlock the door and let us into the center.  You’d think the Section Chief would have a key but apparently not.

While we were waiting in the reception area for the guard, we started discussing pediatric thyroid treatment and Norah’s case, while the kids explored the waiting room toys and climbed on the furniture like animals.  Dr. Rivkees was WAY more patient with them than I was, which continued through our 1 1/2-hour meeting.  He talked a lot about statistics and hopefully I’ve got these right.  He said that about 300 kids/year have their thyroids removed, but 200 of them are due to thyroid cancer and most of them are older than Norah.  There are only about 10 kids/year that are less than 5 years old who have their thyroid removed due to Graves Disease.  She belongs to an elite group.

Dr. Rivkees went through everything from our phone call again, so Ben was able to catch up on anything I forgot to tell him.  He looked at Norah, scanned through her paperwork and lab results, and reiterated that surgery was the correct approach for Norah.  I had very much hoped to avoid surgery or RAI, but I’m now on-board with the surgery.

One thing that helped me accept this plan was our discussion about remission.  It takes time to go into remission, and medication can give a patient time.  The medication doesn’t help the patient go into remission, it just keeps their thyroid levels within range until eventually sometimes they go into remission.  Dr. Rivkees said that it had only happened with one of their pediatric patients.  When a child develops Graves at such a young age, it’s kind of like juvenile diabetes – it doesn’t typically resolve itself.  High thyroid levels and a large goiter (both of which Norah has), also reduce the chances of remission.  If she could take medication to give her body some time to work through the problem, there might be a few percent chance she would go into remission.  But she doesn’t have the luxury of time since she’s allergic to the medication.

Another thing Dr. Rivkees told me was that 1 in 2,000 babies are born without a thyroid, which is why babies have a heel-stick at birth.  Those kids are on synthroid forever (like me).  Hypothyroidism is much easier to manage and Norah will only have to be tested every 6 months to make sure she’s on the right dose.

On Monday I called to schedule a pre-op appointment with the surgeon and the secretary was so confused because Norah wasn’t in the system.  She asked if we had registered at the hospital and I said that there wasn’t anyone around when we came in on Sunday.  She asked if Dr. Rivkees had us fill out any forms and I told her no, but he had written Norah’s name down on his pad.  🙂

So surgery is scheduled for October 7th, and Norah will be there overnight in the PICU with one-on-one nursing care to watch for bleeding.  During the first 12 hours, there’s a slim chance that a ligature could come loose and she would have to go back to the O.R. for a repair.  The next day she can go home and resume normal activity, except that she’s supposed to be careful about impacting her neck for a few days, so no football, hockey, or bike-riding.  I asked Dr. Rivkees whether there were limitations on her activities and he said, “I’m not sure how you could limit Norah.”  He got her number very quickly.  She will be able to go back to school after the holiday weekend.

Through all of this, Norah is doing really well.  She is much calmer than she was a few months ago, and is doing a great job in her preschool class.  She loved Dr. Rivkees and she doesn’t seem worried about the surgery.  She doesn’t want to have a shot or have blood taken out, but when she has to, she’s very brave.  She keeps telling everyone that we’re going to have a sleepover at the hospital…I think she’s excited about having us all to herself for a night.  She’s on a different medication to control her hyperthyroidism until the surgery (PTU).  This is the medicine that’s no longer considered safe for kids because it has caused liver damage in some, but the doctor feels that it is fine for the short term, and we will be monitoring her liver function over the next two weeks.  Going into surgery with controlled hyperthyroidism reduces potential complications, so the risk of a problem with the medicine is theoretically worth the reward.  So far, so good.

That’s all I can think of for now…I’ll write more about the Dream Team later.

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Roller Coaster

The last day and a half has been another valley on the roller coaster ride, literally and figuratively.  The literal ride(s) occurred at the Eastern States Exposition, “The Big E,” in Springfield.  We just got home and we’re beat so this post may be brief unless I get a second wind.

And the figurative roller coaster…Norah had been back on her thyroid medication for almost 3 weeks, and so far the rash had not reappeared.  She woke up with a cold yesterday and we have to watch her carefully if she gets a fever because one of the side effects of the medicine can be a reduced white blood count.  I was in the middle of typing an email to Norah’s doctor about that, when I looked at Norah and saw some tiny hives under her eyes and on her neck.  I was SO disappointed because I really wanted her to be able to continue on the medication so we didn’t have to think about Plan B right now.

When I told Dr. Fleisch about the hives she was really disappointed too, and told me not to give Norah the evening dose of her medication.  Within a half hour the hives were no longer visible, so I wasn’t sure what to think.  I talked to Dr. Fleisch in the afternoon, and she had spoken to the thyroid expert at Childrens.  We all agreed that I would watch for hives through the day today, and discontinue the medication permanently if I saw even one spot.

Meanwhile, I was looking around on the internet to find answers to all of my questions, and I read a clinical study called, Adverse Events Associated with Methimazole Therapy of Graves’ Disease in Children.  This study mentioned hives as a “minor side effect” of the medication, but didn’t detail what was done about the hives during the study – whether the medication was discontinued or not.  At about 1 a.m. I emailed the doctors who ran the study on the off-chance that they would answer my questions.  I had also emailed Elaine Moore, the author of Graves Disease, a Practical Guide, as well as Linda Pesonen, a blogger who writes about her own experiences with thyroid disease and has a wealth of resources on her blog.

By this morning, I had email responses from the doctor, the author, and the blogger.  I am amazed that such a huge amount of information is available on the internet, and touched that I can reach out to complete strangers and have them care enough to respond.  The doctor emailed me at 6:30 a.m. and asked me to call his cell phone.  Wow.

Before I go on, let me say that this doctor is a total rock star when it comes to pediatric thyroid disease.  He is Dr. Scott Rivkees, the director of one of the few centers in the U.S. currently dedicated to the treatment of pediatric thyroid problems – the Pediatric Thyroid Center at the Yale-New Haven Children’s Hospital.  I’ve done some reading about him today and he is a true expert in this field.

So, I pulled out all of Norah’s paperwork and called his cell phone.  He was extremely nice, no indication of the ego you might expect from someone with his qualifications and abilities.  He spent an hour on the phone with me, going over Norah’s history, the family health history, and all of the treatments, side effects, and risks.  In his opinion, Norah is definitely allergic to methimazole, and the only option for her is surgery to remove her thyroid.  I began my conversation with him completely unprepared to take this step, and ended the call feeling comfortable that it was the right thing to do.

He explained what his practice does to reduce each of the risks associated with the surgery, and described the team approach they use in the operating room – a pediatric surgeon AND an experienced endocrine surgeon working together.  He said that they see at least one kid a month who is in exactly the position Norah is in currently – very young, with Graves Disease, and unable to take methimazole.  They conduct 2-4 of these operations 1 or 2 days/month, and people come from all over the country and even overseas to have the surgery done.  The two surgeons, Dr. Christopher Breuer and Dr. Robert Udelsman, have conducted 50-60 of these surgeries in the last two years.

Dr. Rivkees asked if he could see Norah before he heads to a conference in Prague on Tuesday (he just got back from speaking at a conference on Graves Disease in Paris yesterday), and he is meeting us tomorrow (Sunday!) at 10 a.m.  The center isn’t open so we have instructions to call his cell phone from the lobby and he’ll meet us and have Security let us into the exam area.

Norah will likely have surgery on October 7th.  I’m nervous about it but I feel like it’s our only option and she will have the Dream Team in the operating room with her.  The likelihood of her disease going into remission is very slim, and she could get extremely sick in the meantime.  Even if she had been able to continue the methimazole, there’s a good chance we’d be making this decision a couple of years from now anyway.  I spoke to Dr. Fleisch today and she feels like this is the right thing to do too.  She will continue to be Norah’s endocrinologist after the surgery, similar to if we had the surgery at Childrens in Boston.

That’s all I’ve got for now.  We’re off to New Haven early in the a.m.

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